Saturday, October 5, 2019
Compare the royal dictatorships of two balkan countries in the 1930s Essay
Compare the royal dictatorships of two balkan countries in the 1930s - Essay Example Bojinovic views that while Balkan region had always been absorbed in its internal politics, it did not prove itself as cooperative towards the outer world. â€Å"Economically and culturally,†Bojinovic submits, â€Å"the Balkan states until the 20th Century were not intensely cooperating with the rest of Europe; only the mentioned coastal parts were connected with the West. As exposed above, the economic and socio-cultural element resulted in a perception of Balkans as ‘other Europe’–very different, even strange.†(Todorova 2001: p 25; quoted in Bojinovic, 2004: p 5) The present paper aims to make a comparative analysis of the nature of the political developments introduced and adopted by the two Balkan states, i.e. Bulgaria and Greece, during 1930s, for both these countries experienced monarchical dictatorship in their political systems during that era. Like other Balkan states, Bulgaria also witnessed grave financial crisis during 1920s, which lasted in 1930s too to a great extent. â€Å"Bulgaria might have escaped the usual turmoil, thanks to its stable peasant economy and the absence of large ethnic minorities. However, two elements led to crises and authoritarianism: rural-urban tensions and terrorism among Macedonian refugees.†(Retrieved from staff.lib.msu.edu) The main reason behind the financial turmoil was political uncertainty and dictatorial regime of Boris III, which put the future and growth of the country at stake in order to prolong his personal rule. Similarly, another Balkan state i.e. Greece underwent similar characteristics. Greece is regarded as one of the most primitive civilizations of the world, which had been source of wisdom, knowledge and inspiration for centuries. In modern times, she had to undergo continuous threat from the neighbouring countries, particularly from the Ottoman Empire. Situated at
Friday, October 4, 2019
Strategic Analysis Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
Strategic Analysis Project - Essay Example Corporate office sees an opportunity for fresh new ideas and perceptive from you, and is looking for a formal business case, which will include a well researched strategy, specific tactics, and a complete communication plan that will help this hotel achieve very specific and measurable business objectives . This account will first examine the Canada base Signature hotel market, talk about the main industry group of actors and show the family member significance of input issue. Moreover, it will find out the Canada consumer trends, there the variety of background of investors and provide a future outlook the length of with a predict which has been built-up to exemplify the manufacturing and the factors touching its growth and future. In end, it determination remark on short-term and long-term asset as well as recommending an result for the shareholder. Kevin (et all, 2006) has conducted research into the innovative practices used by hotels to satisfy customer needs and preferences, specifically business travelers and also women business travelers who have increased needs of safety and privacy. The research shows that professionalism of front-line staff was rated as a top individual item with the highest level of agreement among managers in achieving and maintaining competitiveness. As the nature of the hospitality industry is to provide service through people, front-line staffs, which have direct contact with customers, play an essential role in delivering quality service. Choi (16 April 2007) has suggested that business travelers try to fit in some pleasure along with the business trip. The author has given details from the National Business Travel Association, which suggests that 62 percent of U.S. business travelers add a leisure component to at least one business trip every year and two thirds said that they also bring along a family member of a friend to the trip. 1.1. Current expectations CNN (Chan, 14 August 2007) has reported that there is a change in the profile of the business traveler and this segment includes women, single parents, double income families, people who would like to take their families, spouse or kids along and those who look forward to combining a vacation along with the business trip. When people come with their kids or other family members, they expect some type of entertainment, sight seeing facilities and those with young kids expect a small playpen, a decent swimming pool and other such facilities. The article also claims that nearly half of all business travelers are women who travel alone and have special needs for security in their rooms, in the car parking area, the lobby, elevator, restaurant, bar and other areas. Women need special care to ward off unwanted attention as they enter the hotel, have food or a drink and hotel staff are trained to provide them better services. Some hotels have created women friendly services with special flo ors exclusively for women and monitor all approach and exit points in the hotel. Florio (30 May 2007) has reported that the Generation X or the new young business travelers expect "luxuries of home in exchange for their hard earned travel dollar. Among other
Thursday, October 3, 2019
Trends and the Future of Public Service Essay Example for Free
Trends and the Future of Public Service Essay Introduction Public service organizations are the sectors that always receive considerable attention form the government. Beside their currently lower level of performance compare to private organizations, the attention is given due to governmental responsibilities is fulfilling demands of the people. Recently, the public service sector is evolving, partly due to the influence of a new management system called Outcome Based Management. In this paper, I am discussing the contents and philosophy of the Outcome Based management approach and how it influenced the public service sector in United States. Outcome Based Management II.1.    Emerging Trend Outcome based management (OBM) is the managerial framework that emphasizes more on forward looking activities. This managerial approach focuses on why are things done and what have actually been done. In a simple sentence, the term encourages managing for actual results. The term is often identified with the sentence: â€Å"better planning generates better outcomes†. The managerial framework first gained attention of public organization’s managers because of its commitment toward results. The public service is always known lo lag behind the private sector because of its weak commitment toward real achievements. This is reveled in various sectors of the public sector, including the environmental sector, health sector and even child-care. These sectors required a system that works based on real-hard results, and OBM’s characteristic that put forth alignment between services delivered and actual goal achievements is a dominant catalyst in the adoption of this concept into the public service sector.  II.2.    Elements of OBM There are several elements of OBM. The first is the outcome itself. Outcome is the impact, result or consequences for the organization of related parties. If the outcome of a particular project matched existing corporate objective, then the company have successfully performed the OBM. The second element of OBM is the services given. They are tools to achieve the outcomes determined earlier. The third element is the Key Performance Indicators. The performance indicators function as an analysis tool that determines whether the targeted outcomes are achieved or not. The traditional perspective perceived a company to perform three important activities, which are: planning, budgeting and reporting. According to the OBM perspective however, these activities can be explained further using a chain of detailed process, which includes: Formulation of corporate goals and strategic outcomes Formulation of mission statement and the strategic plan Formulation of budgets, including key performance indicator targets Delivery of services Performance reporting in annual reports Performance assessment Outcome Outcome is simply the reason why corporate activities are performed. There are actually three levels of outcomes, the first is corporate goals. It is the highest level of outcome and the most general one. The second is called strategic outcomes, which relate corporate goals into these parties: the people in general (community), the environment, the economy, the region and governance. Considerations of these factors brought to the finding of strategic outcomes. The third is called agency-level outcomes, which functions are to detail the general outcomes into more specific targets. The formulation of agency-level outcomes is the final step before performing the services Clearly defining corporate outcomes are important element of the OBM application. This is true because the outcome information will be used to direct the organization within its activities. For example, the outcome information is generally used by the corporate management to: trigger corrective actions like identifying problem areas that requires attention; identify best practices; motivate employees and to perform planning and budgeting activities. The outcome objective can also be used by external parties to: perform economic analysis, provide informed commentary, and perform benchmarking. Services      The next step in OBM after properly defining the right goals, strategic level outcomes and agency level outcomes is defining how each unit could contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. OBM stresses on the importance in finding the link between the desired outcome and the services delivered. This is necessary because according to the OBM resource should be allocated to any unit unless it can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. Alignment between the goals and the service provided is a must because once such an alignment is achieved; the collection of costs and performance data is easier to perform. After defining the specific agendas of each unit of the organization, the next step within OBM is reviewing the service agendas. The common practice in OBM organizations is by developing a service checklist that will enable them to evaluate whether the services delivered are the right ones. Performance Indicators      The third step in the application of OBM is developing performance indicators. The presence of the right performance indicators will allow performances to be measured, evaluated, and improved. The general performance indicators in OBM are divided into two categories, which are: effectiveness indicators and efficiency indicators. The two categories should have at least three characteristics, which are: relevance, appropriateness and fair representative ness. Defining these indicators enables the organization to perform continuous improvement by identifying emerging issues and specify the best services to deal with the issues, and furthermore, improve organizational accountability.  II.3.    Expert’s Opinion about OBM            The ideal implementation of the OBM concept supposedly generates the following conditions: Encourages information sharing between employees and externally with clients, partners, etc Encourage communication of organizational achievements Easier and more effective reporting activities Increased flexibility and scalability Lead to effective use of available business information for analytical reporting, decision making and forecasting. Improve operational efficiency Increased profitability from relationship with partners and suppliers Drive operating staff toward the achievements of strategic results, etc Taking account of these achievements, the OBM concept is generally benefiting organizations as a whole, particularly the less committed public service organizations. There are however, obstacles that must be faced. In the process of defining outcomes and unit contribution to that outcome, there are individuals and parts of the organization that are reluctant to share data due to fear of inaccuracy or more often, unfavorable interpretation. The second challenge is caused by the tendency of people that have invested in their data collection to be unwilling to share the information due to the loss of credit in the work involved. The third challenge is cost oriented. Some data required to achieve accurate measurement are more expensive than others. The fourth challenge is simply caused by the fear of being judged for something that we cannot control. In many sectors, like the environmental and health sectors, there are often uncontrollable variables that considerably affect the achievements of organizational goals. Including these factors in the evaluation system will be inaccurate and furthermore, most likely become the source of discontent ness among employees.  II.4.    Identification of the Trend            Organizations and institutions that use OBM concepts generally have specific characteristics within them. The implementation of OBM is similar in various sectors despite the different services offered by the sectors. The implementation can be detected in the form of steps performed to identify goals and linking them to services performed. The amount of resources and time dedicated to each step might differ from one industry to the others depending on the difficulty of performing each step, but the steps that are performed are generally within the same order. For example, in the environmental public services, the amount of resources committed to define the desirable outcome is quite enormous and significantly larger than other sectors; This is due to the difficult nature of defining the suitable environmental targets to be achieved from environmental projects. In health care sector and child care sector on the other hand, identifying what services to perform in order to achieve identified goals are the most difficult step and the one requires most observations. These sectors however, are all performing similar elements of the OBM approach. Implications for the Public Service III.1.  Unique Sector            Public service is generally known as governmentally-run organizations which all resources are generated from the government and thus, from the public themselves. If we are to study the development of this sector however, it is necessary to reveal how the public service sector is rationally different from the private sector. The most basic difference is the fact that in the private sector, most activities started at the supply side. Technology, for instance, is known as a tremendous catalyst from the supply side of business in the private sector that generates dramatic changes in various industries.            In the public service sector on the other hand, the main intervention that leads to change originated from the demand side. Ironically, there are generally little chances to charge the public directly for the services they receive. Governmental taxes are the media that connects the payment between the public and the public sector workers. In addition of becoming a tool of delivering what the public needs, the public sector is also the tool to create a balance in the private sectors’ operations. In the transport and utilities sector for example, where networks grows and the element for natural monopoly is strong, public involvement is required to prevent market failures and the abuse of market positions (Franà §ois, 2003).            In the light of this unique structure, we can logically guest that the problem with public service sector is actually the presence of the government as an intermediary party itself. In the private sector, people are working for their customers and they gain payments from them as well. This trade between service and payments happens dynamically and each side can influence the trade. In other words, it is easier for the private sector workers to influence the amount of payment they will receive. In the public sector on the other hand, people are working for the government. Workers are not in direct trade of service and payments as the private sector. It is harder for them to influence the amount of payment they will receive (Glaeser, 2003).            In discussions of why productivity and efficiency in the public sector is often considered worse than the private sectors, many factors are mentioned, but the condition revealed above is one of the reasons often mentioned. The private sector workers are generally more motivated because in their frame of mind they have a way of influencing their own destiny. The public sector workers on the other hand, are working for different people than the one signing their checks. Knowing that the quality of their work will not influence their salaries, public sector workers are subject to a declining working motivation (Disney, 1998).  III.2.  Challenges            In addition to the general problem mentioned above, there are also other issues that are parts of the new development of the public service sector in United States. Political leaders indicated the need to recruit the next generation of public sector workers. It is believed that the public service sector environment today has already evolved into phases that are out of the older-generation’s league. The new system of management requires new workers with the ability to learn and adapt to the evolved conditions of the public service sector. Others however, believed that such a change will not be beneficial due to the similar image of the job. Workers at the public service sector are still viewed as a ‘public servant’, a phrase which are highly unpopular in American society. Despite the enhanced system of management, if the government is unable to maintain change this image, the new workers are still going to be the ‘new generation of public servants’, in the sense that they have minimum bargaining power over the services they provide and salaries they receive. Another issue in the public service sector, particularly in the United States is the ageing structure of the public service workers. Statistics indicated that with the reluctance of young people in entering the sector leave only old people within the sector. This will obviously mean a degradation of management quality within the public service sector. Another study indicated that information deficiency is significant problem in managing public services. The information regarding desired outcome are generally owned by the lowest people in the managerial chain, while the strategic decisions are made by the government which has little access to the information (‘Challenges’, 2008). III.3.  Implications of the OBM Approach III.3.1. New Systems            The application of the OBM approach to the public service sector might address several of the problems mentioned earlier. For example, the lack of motivation could be solved by better focus on actual results and linking organizational objectives directly to services performed. Successful application however, requires adaptation to the steps and elements of the OBM approach.            In the public service organization, the desired outcomes can be those specified in the annual budget statements or those identified in legislation and specified by the related authority. For example, the general outcome of a public sector could be: accessible, reliable and safe public transport system, or a fair and independent criminal prosecution service. In the public service organizations, these general outcomes can then be translated into the agency-level outcomes. Furthermore, the use of outcome information in the public service organizations, can internally improve the budget setting process, while externally it can improve agency control, make it easier for other agencies to make contributions to the organization (Hundley, 1991).            In the next step, OBM leads the public sector organization to specify agency-level services that are required to achieve the agency-level outcomes. This is generally performed by the making of a service checklist. The service checklist consist of questions like what service are delivered, what outcome are the services addressing, what results are the service addressing. Afterwards, the OBM approach takes the public service organization to developing performance indicators. For the public service organizations, cost efficiency indicators could be: cost per student graduated, cost per license issued, etc; productivity indicators include: students taught per teacher, cases resolved per officer, etc. Overall, the benefits brought by the new approach include: Greater public transparency Enhanced knowledge in identifying best practices Increased ability in assessing performance against target Increased ability in investigating reasons of failure in meeting specified targets (Hatry, 2003) III.3.2. New Skills Required            In light of the elements and process demanded by the OBM approach, the new skills required are: Sensitivity to new Information            To better perform the first step of the OBM approach, which is defining goals and outcomes, members of the public service organization need to be sensitive of the demands exist in the surrounding environment. This is related to the fact that public sector organizations exist to serve the public rather than to achieve organizational profit. Communicating information The people that are exposed to new information generally come from the lowest structure of the organization. Thus, the organization must design a system and furthermore, the skills to communicate information up to the highest level of management. Linking service activities to established goals Under the OBM approach workers at the public service organization are demanded to constantly see the linkage between the goals, outcome defined agency-level outcome and finally the service performed. This will provide them with clear logical frame of thinking, especially in decision making activities. Reference: ‘Challenges and Trends in Public Administration’. 2008. Retrieved January 2008 from unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/ public/documents/ASPA/UNPAN006965.pdf Disney, R., and Gosling, A. 1998, ‘Does it Pay to Work in the Public Sector?’, Fiscal Studies, 19(4), 347–74. Franà §ois, P. 2003, ‘Not-for-Profit Provision of Public Services’, The Economic Journal, 113(486), C53–61. Glaeser, E. L. 2003. ‘The Governance of Not-for-profit Organizations’. Chicago, IL, University of ChicagoPress. Hatry, H. P., Morley, E., Rossman, S. B. Wholey, J. S. 2003. ‘How Federal Programs Use Outcome Information: Opportunities for Federal Managers’. National Academy of Public Administration Hundley, G. 1991. ‘Public and Private-sector Occupational Pay Structures’, Industrial Relations, 30(3), 417–34.
The consumer pull demand in packaged milk
The consumer pull demand in packaged milk As the topic of the research is The consumer pull demand in (Packaged milk) industry so it involves an in depth study about the nature of the consumer, taste the consumer likes, preferences of the consumer, brand loyalty and many other characteristics related to the consumer and as well as to the product. According to this research topic the most suitable research type suppose to be used is Descriptive Research. This will help to determine the target market and segmentation done in the beverages (packaged milk) industry. Descriptive research is most commonly used and the basic reason for carrying out descriptive research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exist with respect to variable or condition in a situation The descriptive research will further help to conduct descriptive surveys to identify the characteristics of consumers who purchase soft drinks, for example mostly consumers tend to live in larger cities; buyers are mostly youngsters, housewives, working people and so on; it will help to determine the market potential; it will help to identify the extent of differences in the needs, perceptions and attitudes of the subgroups. 3.2 Research Hypothesis The following hypothesis will be formulated and tested by the researcher. Ho: The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand. H1: The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand. Ho: Consumer preferences will not be checked about the type of milk they buy. H1: Consumer preferences will be checked about the type of milk they buy. Ho: The reason why customers will not discriminate among different brands H1: The reason why customers will discriminate among different brands. Ho: Extent of competitive forces in the market will not be checked. H1: Extent of competitive forces in the market will be checked. Ho: To analyze the consumer trends not in the market. H1: To analyze the consumer trends in the market. Ho: To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will not be affected by core features of product. H1: To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will be affected by core features of product. 3.4 Theoretical Framework Diagram The theoretical framework has been made with the help of the variables which are related to the consumer pull demand in beverages (soft drinks) industry. With the help of the variables it becomes easy to the study about the relationship between different factors affecting the consumer pull demand. PRICING Market skimming Market penetration Target market Brand image Product Diversity Brand Consumer Choice Convenience Attraction Brand Image Sales External Factors Social Cultural Economic Legal Religious Government Packaging Brand image Eye catching packaging Usage status Advertising Consumer perception Consumer preferences Brand image CONSUMER PULL CONSUMER PULL Distribution Availability Need satisfying Brand image Consumer Buying Power High household income. More than one earning member. Brand image. 3.4.1 Variable Reference List Dependent Variable Consumer pull demand Independent Variable Market stage Distribution Advertising Pricing. Product diversity. Packaging Consumer Buying Power Selective Distribution Core Product Need Satisfying Availability Consumer Perception Consumer Preference Market Penetration Marketing Skimming Target Market Demand Usage Status Brand Image Eye-catching Packaging. External Factors. Product diversity. 3.4.2 Theoretical Justifications of Variables In the framework each variable is related to the consumer pull demand and they show that how each of them affects consumer pull demand in the beverages (milk industry) industry. The variable used market stage effects the sales of milk (packaged milk) industry. Market stage helps to determine the market situation and consumer behaviors according to the changes in the market situations. Market stage includes to determine market life cycle, consumer behavior, product demand which includes that whether the demand is inelastic or elastic and these all end up to see the sales of the soft drinks industry. After doing survey on these all components of the market stage the sales can be maximized. The second variable used in the theoretical framework is distribution this also helps in maximizing the sales in the packaged milk industry. Its very important to make the product available to all the locations so that consumers may feel ease in buying the product. Distribution helps to make the product available and convenient. Distribution also includes giving the time and place advantages to the consumers so that they are able to purchase the product because through all these ways product will be placed at every shop and consumers will have a good image about the product. This will help to increase the sales of the packaged milk. Packaging is a very important aspect in increasing the sales of a product. The packaging of the packaged milk will help the company to gain brand visual and brand identity. For positioning a product good packaging is very essential. Packaging helps to attract the consumers towards the product and from packaging. The product is differentiated from other products. So packaging is considered to be an important element for increasing the sales in soft drinks industry. Advertising is also an important element for increasing the sales of a product. Advertising can be done above the line (ATL) and below the line (BTL). Advertising can also be done through mediums such as television, radio, banners, billboards and newspapers. Advertising helps the product in gaining popularity. This will help to increase the sales. Pricing also helps for the success of the product. Pricing includes the strategies such as market skimming and market penetration. With the help of pricing it becomes easy to identify the target market and by this company can offer the prices which consumers are ready to pay. If the consumer finds the product reasonable so this is positive for the sales of the product. Product diversity plays an important role for gaining the increasing trend in the sales. Product diversity creates brand consumer choice and brand image, it also makes the consumers to get attracted towards the product. Consumers get variety in products so they dont get bore and they keep of buying new variety of products. External factors also increase the sales of the product. External factors include study on demographics, economic conditions, competition, social and cultural forces, technology and lastly the political and legal forces. In marketing external factors have a major influence on products marketing opportunities and activities. So the study of all related factors helps in increasing the sales in the soft drinks industry. 3.5.1 Examples The questions to be asked from the respondents would be based on their liking and what factors make them to buy their referred milk brand. Q1. Do you use packaged milk or loose milk? à ¢Ã‚  ª If yes then why à ¢Ã‚  ªIf no then why - Q2. Which milk brand do you use? à ¢Ã‚  ªOlpers à ¢Ã‚  ª Good milk à ¢Ã‚  ª Nestle Milk Pak à ¢Ã‚  ª Haleeb à ¢Ã‚  ª other please specify - Q.3. which packaged milk do you prefer but unable to purchase due to other factors like expensive, health issues etc? à ¢Ã‚  ªOlpers à ¢Ã‚  ª Good milk à ¢Ã‚  ª Nestle Milk Pak à ¢Ã‚  ª Haleeb à ¢Ã‚  ª other please specify - Q.4. you use packaged milk for which purpose? à ¢Ã‚  ª Strong bones à ¢Ã‚  ª Calcium à ¢Ã‚  ª Diet conscious à ¢Ã‚  ª Other Q.5. you prefer to buy your particular milk brand forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã‚  ª Disposal packaging à ¢Ã‚  ª Expensive packaging à ¢Ã‚  ª Attractive packaging à ¢Ã‚  ª Health hazards issues à ¢Ã‚  ª other please specify - Q.6. How often do you buy milk? à ¢Ã‚  ª Daily à ¢Ã‚  ª Bulk buying à ¢Ã‚  ª Weekly à ¢Ã‚  ª Monthly 3.5.2 Population, Working population and Planned sample The population of whole Pakistan is targeted for this survey. Working population is Punjab and planned sample is Lahore. The survey is limited to Punjab and further its restricted to the city Lahore due to the time constraints. As study is confined to Lahore only, therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities. 3.5.3 Sample Size Consideration For this study questionnaire will be made to be filled by a total of 100 consumers, living in different locations in Lahore. 3.5.4 Choice of Sampling Technique This is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in packaged milk industry. In this research the sampling technique used will be probability. And further under probability the technique used will be convenience sampling technique. Convenience sampling is useful in obtaining large number of completed questionnaire quickly and economically and large number of respondents can be obtained quickly. 3.5.5 Field work and Respondents profile This is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in beverages (soft drinks) industry. The relevant data will be collected through a survey. For this purpose a questionnaire will be designed and distributed among consumers. The questionnaire will include information regarding consumers personal preference, brand loyalty, taste preferences and other factors that attract the consumer. The target population will comprise of both male and female customers but mainly targeted to household wives because they better understand the values and needs of their household members, specially children and youngsters and by making their choice a preference they can judge more easily what they actually want. Consumption of milk is common in every age. For this study the target population will comprise consumers living in different areas of Lahore Chapter 4: Estimates, Analysis and Conclusion 4.1 Estimated Results Hypothesis Ho: The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand. H1: The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand. Analysis From my findings and analysis from questionnaire and pilot study it is estimated that advertising will not affect the consumer demand so, Ho is accepted. 4.2 Analysis of Findings The ratio I found from my analysis is that the maximum age group ranges from 18-25 and 25-35, means that mostly the age group is young and can analyze the factors which can affect the consumer demands. Percentage of age group (35-45) is 22.3%, which is somewhat lower than the age group ranges from 18-35. Age group of 45-55 has a percentage of 8.0%. For above 55 percentage was 5.45 which was comparatively lower than the previous ones. Monthly income of household ranges till 30%, Mostly consumers has a monthly income above 50,000. And then percentage for income 25000-50,000 is 23.3%, for 10,000-25000 consumers percentage was 16.1% which was relatively lower than the30%. Valid percentage I found is 30.4% which for the income group of above 50,000.When I analyzed the occupation for consumers the result collected are that students has a frequency of 15 and their percentage is 15.0% of 100. House wives was the major target market for me so it has a frequency of 60 and percentage I found ou t is 53.6%, and valid percentage for house wives is 60.0, and most of the consumers were self employed the percentage for self employed consumers is 18.8% and their frequency is 21. Another ratio is 3.6% which is for businessman out of 100.and the valid percentage is for housewives which is 60.Percentage for male is 26.8% and frequency is 31. As questionnaire was designed mainly to target the housewives because preference for packaged milk was required, so they have a percentage of 61.6% ad frequency for female is 69.Marital status for married men and women is 59.8% with a frequency of 67, whereas for unmarried it was 29.5% with a frequency of 33.When consumers were asked that either they used packaged milk or loose milk or both the greater percentage is for both, packaged milk and loose milk as well, packaged milk has a percentage of 42.9% and that for both the percentage it is 46.4%.and there is a very small percentage for only loose milk. Consumers prefer to use both packaged mil k and loose milk for different purpose and in different ways.For a milk brand consumers has a higher percentage of 33.9 for Nestle milk pack with a frequency of 38 which is higher than olpers which has a frequency of 28 with a percentage of 25.0% which means that consumers are still loyal to their particular milk brand they try a new product for once but as their taste is developed through out so they are satisfied with their particular milk brand, whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 16.1, Good milk has comparatively lower percentage of 2.7 and consumers has other preferences as well such as flavored milk other than plain milk , they have different choices for milk . Percentage for other milk is 10.7% which includes Nurpur, Nesvita , Nirala and Dairy Queen and flavored milk as well. Higher percentage for Nestle Milk pack shows that still after facing a very tough competition in market with Oplers Haleeb and other competitors Nestle Milk Pack still has its own stand in the market and consumers still prefer Nestle Milk Pack. After analyzing almost 37.5% of the consumers prefer to buy Nesvita, Dairy Queen, Nurpur and Nirala if they are unable to purchase their particular milk brand due to health hazards issues and expensiveness. Although 25 consumers prefer to buy Olpers, and 11.6 % from them has a preference of Good milk whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 10.7 as compare to other brands. Almost 28.6% of the consumers buy their particular Milk Brand for Stronger bones and 33 of them buy for the purpose of calcium which can make your bones and body strong and fit, 17 of them were diet conscious. Consumer prefer their particular milk brand for health hazards issues with a frequency of 48, to avoid bacterial effects which are included in loose milk, 8.9% of consumers prefer their milk brand for attractive packaging which attract them through TVC, Billboards, adds in news paper etc. although 4.5% of them are status conscious and they buy their particular milk brand fo r Expensive packaging. Almost 69.6% of the consumers would buy their particular brand if their brand is changed into uncommon shape and with new features etc, and 18 of them with a percentage of 16.1 would not like to buy it. There are consumers who strongly agree that demand of their particular milk brand is affected by the price cut and their percentage is 14.3 with a frequency of 16.and 47 of them agree with this statement, whereas 34 of them are neutral about their decision whether the demand of milk brand is affected by the price cut or not, 34 consumers agree that their demand of buying a particular milk brand is affected by advertisement, and 64 of them does not agree. Although advertisement of a milk brand is very important for promotion and convincing consumers and giving awareness about their brand, through advertisement consumers can make the mind of consumers to buy their brand, 41 consumers are brand loyal thats why they buy their particular milk brand with a percentage of 36.6, and 23.2% are attracted towards advertisement for the brand and they buy their particular milk brand by watching TV commercials and through different mediums. Consumers are also attracted towards a milk brand for their packaging and their percentage is 24.1. Consumers ranked their quality of milk brand with a percentage of 61.6 and frequency for average is 7.this means that they are satisfied with their milk brand. And for packaging consumers also have a high percentage of 36.6. For pricing consumer has a preference 34.8 being the highest and 7.1 as satisfactory. Availability of their particular milk brand is good as highest percentage is 42.0. While buying milk 52.7 give preference to whiteness of milk, 38.4% gives preference to thickness, where as 50.0% prefer taste of their milk brand before buying and 46.6% of consumers prefer to buy a milk brand which is easy to use. Most of the consumers buy milk daily as their percentage is 51.8 with a frequency of 58. Whereas 24.1% of them do bulk buying, and 15 consumers consume milk weekly .Preference of household member is calculated which is 48 those who frequently ask and 25.9% ask their household member rarely before buying a particular milk and 17.9% of them never asked before buying a milk brand, reason being that mostly questioners were filled by the housewives and they are aware of choice and preference of their household members. Highest percentage of consuming milk is 1 liter and consumption for more than  ½ and 1 liter is 50.9%.and consumers like to buy a milk brand from any well reputed departmental store and 36.6% of them buy their milk brand from near by shop. After analyzing packaged milk there are consumers those who use loose milk and they use loose milk for various purposes like tea, desert, drinking etc with a percentage of 25.9. Consumers those who loose milk over packaged milk has an issue of price as their percentage is 28.6, because price of loose milk is comparatively lower than th e packaged milk. And most of them use loose milk for availability purpose as well with a frequency of 14. 4.4 Limitation of the Study The study is limited by the following factors: The study is confined to Lahore only. Therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities. There are many other variables which affect consumer pull demand but will not be considered in this study. It is difficult to determine the precise sample size. The consumers may vary in their interpretation of question 4.5 Conclusion People consume milk in fresh dried and concentrated forms; in grocery stores most commonly sold product to consumers is liquid milk. All types of milk (pasteurized, sterilized, UHT, Packaged) or in bulk are required in a country or locality. New packaging system of milk is a popular and for practical purposes packaged milk powders. From my analysis and finings of questionnaire, pilot study and regression analysis I found out that 58.0% consumer consume milk, and widely used packaged milk is Nestle Milk Pack with a percentage of 33.9. People have different preferences and tastes and they consume milk according to them, consumers also use flavored milk for e.g. chocolate milk, Pakola etc but their percentage is low as compare to plain liquid milk. People living in well developed and posh areas of Lahore like Defence and Gulberg have more preferences of taking packaged milk, while people with lower income bracket prefer to take milk from milk-man. Biggest reason what I find is the exten t and the level of prevailing competitiveness in the milk industry. The marketing plans are of key importance in this regard. Consumers are attracted more to the good that is marketed well. There are many advantages of packaged milk, delicious, hygienic, Status symbol and prevailing prices are justified. Milk is one of the essential diets for every age, it helps building strong bones, and milk is loaded with eight essential vitamins and minerals which are very important and plays a vital role in a human body, and percentage of consumers those who buy milk for health hazards issues are 42.9, and 29.5% of consumers buy milk for disposal packaging, this shows that consumers are quite conscious about their health issues and at the same time they prefer to buy milk which can help them preventing from bacterial affects like cholera, malaria and Diarrhea etc. price but is not affected for consumers because they have to drink milk, and if prices are increased people cannot stop drinking mil k but they adjust accordingly. Although advertising do matters for consumers to know more about their product, and children are attracted towards the jingle that now-a days milk brands are using in their advertisements, because children are more attracted towards packaged milk than loose milk reason being the taste of the packaged milk is more tastier than loose milk packaged milk is healthy, and has no bacterial affects as compare to loose milk. References: Attitude and Usage Trend Study (AUTS). Chocolate Milk. Beverage Usage Attitudes among Consumers. May 2001. International Dairy Foods Association. Milk Facts. 2000 Edition. Washington, D.C.: International Dairy Foods Association. November 2000, p. 34. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 131 (Milk and cream), Subpart B (Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Revised as of April 1, 2000. Childrens Chocolate Milk Survey. Prepared for National Dairy Council by McDonald Research, Inc. May 1998. Tomashek, K.M., S. Nesby, K.S. Scanlon, et. al. Commentary: nutritional rickets in Georgia. Pediatrics 107(4), April 2001. e45. http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/107/4 Kreiter, S.R., R.P. Schwartz, H.N. Kirkman, Jr., P.A. Charlton, A.S. Calikoglu, and M.L. Davenport. Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants. J. Pediatr. 137: 153-157, 2000. Guthrie, H.A. Effect of a flavored milk option on a school lunch program. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 71: 35-40, 1997. Anderson, G.H. Sugars and health: a review. Nutr. Res. 17(9): 1485-1498, 1997. The American Dietetic Association. Position of The American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 98: 580-587, 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2000. Guthrie, J.F., and J. F. Morton. Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 100: 43-51, 2000. Washington State Dairy Council 1998, Revised National Dairy Council 2001. Think Your Drink. 2001. National Dairy Council. A protective effect of dairy foods in oral health. Dairy Council Digest 71(1): 1-6, 2000. http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/ NationalDairyCouncil/ Gibson, S., and S. Williams. Dental caries in pre-school children: associations with social class, toothbrushing habit, and consumption of sugars and sugar-containing foods. Caries Res. 33: 101-113, 1999. Bowen, W.H., and S.K. Pearson. Effect of milk on carcinogenesis. Caries Res. 27: 461-466, 1993. Dehkordi, N., D.R. Rao, A.P. Warren, and C.B. Chawan. Lactose malabsorption as influenced by chocolate milk, skim milk, sucrose, whole milk, and lactic cultures. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 95: 484-486, 1995 Andrew. M. Novakovic.(1995) Testimony of Fedral Dairy Policy, Cornell University Syracuse New York. Anthony Bennett, Frederic Lhoste, Jay crook and Joe Phetan.(2005) The Future of Small scale Dairying. David Zahn, LLC Windsor Road. E, North Heaven CT. Diana Beccue Brown, (1987) Consumer in Search of Value. FAO (1996) Milk and Milk products Marketing Milk Processing. Narvasana. Lewis. H. Haney, (1920). Integration in Marketing. Vol 10.No 3. (sep,1920),pp.528-545
Wednesday, October 2, 2019
Edward Teach aka Blackbeard the Pirate Essay -- biographies bio biogra
Edward "Blackbeard" Teach was undoubtedly one of the most feared and most despised pirates of all time. Edward Teach is thought to have lived in England before his pirate career, although his exact origins are unknown. He was named "Blackbeard", for his large black beard that almost covered his entire face. To strike terror in the hearts of his enemies Blackbeard would weave hemp into his hair, and light it during battle. Edward Teach was an unusually large man, carrying two swords, numerous knives, and pistols- he was feared by his own crew. At the sight of this pirate, many of his victims were quick to surrender without a fight. If they did, he would often times just take their valuables, rum, and weapons allowing them to sail away. However, if the vessel resisted capture, he would either kill the crew, or maroon them. Blackbeard needed to maintain his devilish image in order to maintain the respect of his crew (very few members of the crew doubted that he was the devil himself, very few didn’t fear him, and therefore they obeyed him). Blackbeard began his pirating career sometime after 1713, as an ordinary crewmember aboard a Jamaican sloop commanded by the pirate Benjamin Hornigold. In 1716, Hornigold supplied Teach with a small crew, and a small captured vessel to command. By 1717 Hornigold and Teach were sailing in alliance, and together were feared throughout the seas. In November 1717, Hornigold and Teach were able to capture a 26 gun French vessel called the Concorde (recent research has shown that the vessel had originally been built in Great Britain). Blackbeard’s pirate partner, Hornigold, decided to take advantage of a recent offer of general amnesty from the British Crown- and retire in comfort. Teach rejected t... ...ks running in blood. The battle could have had a different ending, Blackbeard had ordered one of his crew to blow up the powder magazine if the boat was taken, and fortunately for the survivors one of his less determined shipmates stopped him. The battle was over. It was rumoured that Blackbeard’s headless body ran amok and jumped into the water swimming around the ship. Whatever the truth of these tales, Maynard sailed home with Blackbeard’s head on a pole. Blackbeard had captured over 40 ships during his piratical career, and had been the cause of the deaths of hundreds of people. Although Blackbeard's lawless career lasted only a few years, his fearsome reputation has long outlived him. The death of Blackbeard and the trial of the remaining crew were seen as the beginning of the end of the years of buccaneering glory, and a big coup in the war against piracy.
Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Covingtons Conviction of Serpent Handling Essay -- Biography
In Salvation on Sand Mountain, the emotional frustrations, cultural hypotheses, and literary images provide insight into the ethics of the author, Dennis Covington. During his dangerous undertakings while submerged in the religious practices of Appalachia, Covington incites anxiety within the reader when discussing worship services involving snakes, and inquisitorial thought when revealing the number of casualties involved, in turn showcasing his own passions and morality. Covington’s rectitude, goodwill, and intelligence all play important roles in revealing his ethos. Subsequently, they also exemplify his argument: No obstacle can conquer one’s religious devotion. Covington’s intellect boasts a curious ambition to solve the secrets of the Appalachia through factual data and personal inquiries. â€Å"Their first church in town burned to the ground†Covington explains, â€Å"They suspected arson, but charges were never brought†¦they moved to other locations†¦neighbors complained of the noise. Wherever the handlers relocated, tires got slashed and windows broken†(25). By presenting facts about the trouble the snake-handlers dealt with, Covington reveals how steadfast they are in their religious faith. The serpent-handlers’ strong devotion has turned into a tainted reputation for some, such as Glenn Summerford. Curious to hear Glenn’s version of why he was put in jail for ninety-nine years, Covington interviews him. When asked about his wife, Darlene, Summerford simply states that when she was â€Å"living right, she drank [poison]†(50). Faced with a lifetime sentence in a jail cell, Summerford shows no remorse, and instead criticizes his wife, whom he attempted to murder, for not living by the word of God. Glenn Summerford’s testimonial is a ... ... person, yet theirs remain unconquered. As we analyze Covington’s rhetoric, we can see the manifestation of an ethos that follows a strong ethic code, a powerful intellectual prowess, and a devoted righteousness towards the confusing, yet strong-willed worshipers of serpent handling. As Covington explains it, â€Å"There are moments when you stand on the brink of a new experience and understand that you have no choice about it. Either you walk into the experience or you turn away from it, but you know that no matter what you choose†¦there will be consequences†(2). For the followers of serpent handling, these experiences are always pursued. These consequences, such as broken windows, burning churches, murder allegations, or desperate pursuits of the Holy Ghost, all have laid the foundation for Covington’s argument, that no obstacle can conquer one’s religious devotion.
Loomis
Throughout history, many different groups of people have been oppressed and taking advantage of. However, the African diasporas during the middle passage and the oppression of the people following it stands out amongst the rest. The oppression of people of African descent is unique because the effects of such are still prominent in new generations.August Wilson tackles the tones, moods, attitudes and feelings of generation after generation of oppressed people In his plays, In his play Joe Turners Come and Gone, he addresses the feelings and tones of the generation f African Americans that were struggling to find purpose and identity in the years after emancipation. Wilson Illustrated a number of deferent attitudes and moods ranging from those of African Americans who were born free to those of the vulnerable African American women living during that time.Wilson also highlighted the effects oppression had on African American spiritualism. He did so by Illustrating the traumatizing eff ects oppression had on African Americans in the south. In the last scene of the play Wilson uses the character Herald Loomis to exemplify the linings of African Americans caused by the effects of the oppression of generation after generation. Wilson uses the character Herald Loomis to shed light on the feelings of anger and anguish felt by generations of oppressed African Americans. Herald Loomis was depicted as a cold and distant man.He was beyond angry with the world around him after his ordeals. Wilson described him as, â€Å"†¦ Unable to harmonize the forces that swirl around him and seeks to re-create the world Into one that contains his Image. †Herald Loomis was angry with the world because he gave his life to God and the hurt as a deacon, but was held captive as a slave by Joe Turner for seven years. In the process. Loomis lost his family and religion, He felt neglected by the God he served, hence his anger. In the final scene, a sense of anguish is illustrated b y the drastic actions of Loomis.Wilson depicts feelings of anger and anguish as Martha quotes a scripture to Herald after he brandishes a knife. For example, when Martha quotes, â€Å"Even though walk through the shadow of death?†, Loomis' responds †That's Just where I be walking I†Martha continues with, â€Å"l shall fear no evil. For Thou art with me. Thy rod and Thy staff, they comfort me. †Loomis responds â€Å"†¦ L done been all across the valleys and the hills and the mountains and the oceans†¦ And all I seen was a bunch of naggers dazed out of their woolly heads. And Mr.. Jesus Christ standing In the middle of them, grinning. It Is evident that Loomis Is upset with God for the experiences he has endured; which is similar to the feelings of many generations of black men who felt neglected by the God they praised because of severity of their traumatizing experiences. It becomes clear that his ordeal being led captive as a slave and his sp iritual experiences being a deacon of a Christian church combined to have this effect on him. Like all the generations before and after the time In which the play takes place, the trauma of what black men have seen and the experiences they have been through creates feelings of anger and anguish.Wilson uses Herald Loomis' character to exemplify the feeling of desperation for a purpose in the world, besides being a black man to white people, for generations. Herald Loomis felt like he would know his purpose once he got to re- unite with his wife. The gravity of such desperation is felt in the final scene as Loomis commits to slashing himself. For instance, when Martha says â€Å"Jesus bled for you. He's the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. †Loomis replied â€Å"l don't need nobody to bleed for me! I can bleed for myself. One must truly be desperate for salvation and also have serious deep rooted anger to forsake Jesus Christ himself. Loomis' shedding of his o wn blood is a representation of the anger inside of black men caused by the effects of oppression. Like Loomis, black men of all enervation are angry and desperate for salvation for various reasons. However, majority of those reasons stem from the long term effects of oppression. Some go to church and seek the words of God, and then there are others whom have break downs and blow up and eventually hurt somebody or themselves as Loomis did.In current times, there are too many angry black men hurting themselves and shedding each other's blood. They rather shed each other's blood than bathe in the blood of Jesus because, like Herald Loomis, they too feel neglected by God. The strong influence of the black church was diminished by the effects of oppression. Many young black men don't fear the wrath of God and couldn't care less about their karma for casting evil into word. This ruthless anger is a direct result of the suffering of black men that can be felt from generation to generation .These young black men feel as if they have no purpose in the world like Herald Loomis before he found Martha. It is evident that all these angry and desperate young men need to find a purpose in this world, simply some where they can fit in. For example, in the final cane of the play when Martha tells Loomis, Mimi got to be something, Herald. You just can't be alive. Life don't mean nothing if you don't got a meaning. †Loomis replies by continuing to rant as he slashes himself and rubs his blood on his face. This part of the scene is so dramatic because it is when Loomis finds his song, he finds a purpose.Wilson illustrates, â€Å"Having found his song, the song of self-sufficiency, fully restricted, cleansed and given breath, free from any encumbrance other than the working of his own heart and the bonds of the flesh, having accepted the accessibility for his own presence in the world, he is free to soar above the environs that weighed him down and pushed his spirit into t errifying contractions. †This quote from the play works to cast a light upon the fact that one needs to let go of the hurt and pain and find their own presence in the world. When Benumb says, â€Å"Herald Loomis you shining! You shining like new money! , it leaves the reader with the sense that grounding oneself and finding one's purpose in the world can remedy some of the anger caused by the effects of oppression. By analyzing the character of Herald Loomis in the final scene of Joe Turner's Come and Gone, one will find why generations of oppressed African Americans felt, and still continue to feel such anger. The character Herald Loomis casts light on the effects the African diasporas through the Middle Passage had on African American men. Since the days of the Middle Passage, generations of black men have been traumatized by the same demons that haunted the generations before them.After slavery was emancipated there was already so much damage done to the psyches of darted to fight for their civil rights. After gaining civil rights, black men still endured the trauma of having those rights violated. The same problem still persists in current times. The trauma of being a black man goes back many generations and still can be felt now by today's generations. Black men were stripped of their manhood when they were sold and auctioned as commodities, and couldn't protect their loved ones from being sold off, hurt or killed. The trauma of slavery is etched in the psyches of every generation of black men thereafter.
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